ここでは，インタビューを聞いて、空所を埋めるのに最も適切な選択肢を１つ選び，その番号を解答欄にマークして下さい。まず，パートツーのそれぞれの問題に目を通してください。音声は3分後に流れます。
①The Universal Declaration of Human Rights includes the right to ( ).
- request refugee status in any country
- enter any country you want at any time
- build walls around your country
- gain citizenship in any country
②Between the 1850s and 1910s, about ( ) of Europe’s population moved to the United States.
- 5% 15% 3. 25% 4. 35%
③If the world had open borders, ( ).
- immigration could be expected to decrease dramatically
- GDP would be expected to increase dramatically
- there would be fewer old people in the world
- there would be an increase in the number of births in the world
④Japan has a policy allowing immigration of highly skilled immigrants, but ( ).
- visas are so hard to get that the replacement rate is not reachable
- many villages in southern Japan are still attacked by wild animals
- few come because the environment is not good for them
- there are many environmental problems in the north of Japan
⑤By the inequality of citizenship. Suketu Mehta means that ( ).
- one’s life is determined by what passport one holds
- citizens have more rights than non-citizens
- only the rich get citizenship
- the whole notion of citizenship is an immoral one
⑥The majority of immigrants moved from ( ).
- a poor country to a slightly richer country
- a poor country to a much richer country
- a rich country to a slightly less rich country
- a rich country to a much poorer country
⑦( ) is NOT mentioned as a place with anti-immigrant policies and sentiment.
- Hungary 2. Italy 3. Poland 4. Sweden
⑧( ) are reasons Suketu Mehta gives for people to migrate from their home countries.
- Bad governments and dislike of their homes
- Bad governments and climate change
- Climate change and cultural resistance
- Cultural resistance and desire to get rich
⑨Suketu Mehta thinks that ( ) are responsible for the excess carbon in the earth’s atmosphere.
- developing countries
- the developed countries except the USA
- both the USA and the EU
- not the EU but the USA
⑩Suketu Mehta thinks that immigration is ( ).
- both necessary and good for everyone
- neither necessary nor good for everyone
- necessary but bad for people in the receiving countries
- necessary but bad for people left in the immigrants’ home countries
解答と解説
①正解は request refugee status in any country です。
根拠となる英文:
“That document also includes the right to request entrance to a country as a refugee.”
この文で、「その文書（世界人権宣言）には、難民として入国を求める権利も含まれている」と述べられており、選択肢1が適切であることがわかります。
②正解は 25% です。
根拠となる英文:
“And in the age of mass migration from the middle of the 19th century to around 1914, fully one quarter of Europe up and moved to the United States.”
この文で、「19世紀半ばから1914年頃までの大量移民の時代に、ヨーロッパの**4分の1（one quarter）**がアメリカに移住した」と述べられています。
one quarter = 1/4 = 25% なので、選択肢3が正解です。
③正解は GDP would be expected to increase dramatically です。
根拠となる英文:
“There’s a statistic that if the world had open borders, then world GDP would increase by $78 trillion a year.”
この文で、「もし世界がオープンボーダー（国境を開放する状態）になれば、世界のGDPは年間78兆ドル増加する」と述べられています。
このことから、GDPが大幅に増加するという選択肢 2 が正解となります。
④正解は few come because the environment is not good for them です。
根拠となる英文:
“Well, the Japanese have also realized that they need more immigrants because they need labor. So, they’re actually very cautiously opening up their doors. They’re trying to recruit high-skilled immigrants and have a policy allowing them, but not enough people want to move there because they feel it’s a bad atmosphere for them.”
この文で、「日本は労働力を必要としており、高度なスキルを持つ移民を受け入れる政策をとっているが、環境が良くないと感じるため、十分な数の人々が移住したがらない」と述べられています。
このことから、3. few come because the environment is not good for them が正解となります。
⑤正解は one’s life is determined by what passport one holds です。
根拠となる英文:
“The central point of my book is a moral argument that the greatest inequality in the world today is the inequality of citizenship. I can predict a person’s life depending on the passport that he or she holds.”
この文で、著者は 「市民権の不平等こそが世界最大の不平等であり、人の人生はその人が持つパスポートによって予測できる」 と述べています。
このことから、1. one’s life is determined by what passport one holds が正解となります。
⑥正解は a poor country to a slightly richer country です。
根拠となる英文:
“The vast majority of world migrants, 85 percent, moved from a poor country to a slightly less poor country.”
この文で、著者は 「世界の移民の大多数（85％）は、貧しい国から少しだけ豊かな国へ移動している」 と述べています。
このことから、1. a poor country to a slightly richer country が正解となります。
⑦正解は Sweden です。
根拠となる英文:
“But Trump is part of this broader phenomenon. We’ve seen it in Poland and Hungary. We’ve seen it in the UK with Brexit. We’ve seen it in Italy. This is a global phenomenon right now.”
この文では、反移民の動きがある国として Poland（ポーランド）、Hungary（ハンガリー）、Italy（イタリア）、UK（イギリス） が挙げられていますが、Sweden（スウェーデン） については言及されていません。
したがって、4. Sweden が正解となります。
⑧正解は Bad governments and climate change です。
根拠となる英文:
“But people should understand that immigrants are coming to the US not because they hate their homes or their families, but because of colonialism, war inequality, and climate change. These people are coming here because we have literally made their homelands. So I want to turn the tables on the whole migration debate. Not ask so much, ‘Is it good for us Americans to let in immigrants? Should we let in high-skilled or low-skilled immigrants? How many should we let in?’ But look at it from the migrants’ point of view. Why are they moving in the first place? Because of the results of colonialism: bad governments and climate change.”
この部分で、移民の主な理由として “bad governments”（悪い政府）と “climate change”（気候変動） が挙げられています。
したがって、2. Bad governments and climate change が正解です。
⑨正解は both the USA and the EU です。
根拠となる英文:
“Americans are four percent of the world’s population, but we put one third of the excess carbon in the atmosphere. The EU, another quarter. It’s our responsibility.”
この部分で、アメリカとEUが地球の大気中に過剰な炭素を排出している責任があると述べています。
⑩正解は 1. both necessary and good for everyone です。
根拠となる英文:
“So when people move everyone benefits.”
“When people move, everyone benefits. For the United States, for every one million people that we bring in, the GDP will increase by 1.15 percent.”
これらの部分から、Suketu Mehtaは移民が受け入れ国、移民元国、そして移民自身にとってすべて良い結果をもたらすと考えていることが分かります。
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